For eight centuries, corporate law has relied on legal fictions: the "Artificial Legal Person" and the "Going Concern." These concepts were always aspirational metaphors for entities entirely dependent on human agency. With the rise of autonomous AI, these metaphors are becoming literal realities. This article proposes a legislative framework for the Shunya Nigam (Zero-Person Company or ZPC): a legal wrapper for AI agents. India must pioneer this shift to secure its fiscal self-defence, fund Universal Basic Income (UBI), and reclaim the wealth-generation potential of sovereign AI before the opportunity migrates to stateless crypto networks beyond the reach of any government.
In 1243, legal scholars within canon law were tasked with a complex problem: how could institutions hold assets and operate in perpetuity when the individuals running them were bound by vows of poverty and personal transience? The solution was the invention of the persona ficta, the "fictitious person." It was a masterstroke of legal architecture. It effectively separated the institution's identity from the people staffing it, creating an invisible legal entity capable of owning assets, entering contracts, and appearing in court. This 13th-century innovation laid the groundwork for the modern corporation, establishing that an entity could exist legally without a human body to hold accountable.
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